She attends Gus' funeral and complains about, A man at Gus' funeral. He calls men names like "Nancy", "Shirley", "Peaches", and "Mary" when they do not live up to his standards for what it takes to be a man. Peter MacDougall: You know something, Ray? "Everybody Loves Raymond" A Date for Peter (TV Episode 2005) - IMDb Chris Elliott was good though, they could have had David Spade in that role though even. He reverses the trade, only to find out that the Scramisaur card that Ally was getting is actually a very rare and an expensive one. He was portrayed by actor Paul Reubens who is best known for playing PeeWee Herman. Ray Barone : Oh boy. Chris Elliot brought something a bit extra to this show, and although his performance was often a bit OTT, his character was likable enough in small doses. Raymond Albert "Ray" Barone (Ray Romano) is the protagonist of the sitcom. In 2005, she was seen in a TV special documentary titled Everybody Loves Raymond: The Last Laugh. In the same year, she appeared in a TV series documentary titled TV Land Confidential. In 2015, she appeared in another documentary series titled I'll Have What Phil's Having., Horan has also appeared in popular television talk shows. See production, box office & company info, Stage 5, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA. His height, appearance and demeanor are the source of much humor, but despite his imposing size, Robert is a very skilled dancer. http://raymond.wikia.com/wiki/Amy_MacDougall_Barone Jul 21 2009, 11:31 AM zbeckabee Moderator 17 year member 11752 replies Answer has 17 votes. "Everybody Loves Raymond" Hackidu (TV Episode 2000) - IMDb Frequently, Amy apologizes to someone even if she didn't do anything wrong. He also has film credits to his name with big-screen outings like Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, Hannie Caulder, and The Pelican Brief. In 1996, she was cast to play April in an episode titled Come Back, Kid in the popular television series In the House.. Monica Horan (born January 29, 1963 in Darby, Pennsylvania) is an actress best known perhaps for her appearance for her role as Amy MacDougall Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. PAT: It's just thatover the years, there have been so many times when Amy was very unhappy. Amy was best friend to Debra ( Patricia Heaton) and also the girlfriend and eventual wife of Robert ( Brad Garrett ). He is very opinionated, outspoken, and has no problem insulting family members and strangers out in the open (this applies in particular to his wife, Marie). Ricky Ruszin is a Features Writer for Collider, focusing on film and TV. However, she is not one to be pushed around or intimidated by those around her, especially Ray and Frank. She doesn't have the same housewife or mothering skills that Deb and Marie have, which usually leads to Deb wishing her mom would be a little more nurturing and hands-on. Left Back They met because Amy is Debra Barone 's best friend. The Ending Of Everybody Loves Raymond Finally Explained Engel was a multi-Emmy-nominated actress who was best known for portraying Georgette Franklin Baxter in The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Mitzi Maloney in The Betty White Show, and Mamie Sue Johnson in Hot in Cleveland. Horan received her breakthrough role in 1997 when she was cast to play Amy Louise MacDougall Barone in the famous television series 'Everybody Loves Raymond.' The series was created by her husband Philip Rosenthal who also served as one of its executive producers. In Season 2, Episode 19: "Good Girls", it is revealed that Robert was conceived out of wedlock. Her maternal grandfather was Jewish. Hackidu is the 17th episode of Season 4, and is episode 90 of the full 210 episodes for the entire series. Everybody Loves Raymond Cast & Character Guide - Collider By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. He is brutally honest in his relationships with others, and is often depicted as the only member of the family who is not only unafraid of Marie, but the only one who will put his foot down and stand up to her, much to the combined relief and horror of the other characters. Ray is married to Deb and they have three kids together Ally, Michael, and Geoffrey. Horan was born in Darby, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Selma (ne Spencer), a clerk, and Robert J. Horan, a courthouse officer. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/monica-horan-44108.php, American Female Film & Theater Personalities, 20th Century Film & Theater Personalities, 21st Century Film & Theater Personalities, 20th Century American Film & Theater Personalities, 21st Century American Film & Theater Personalities. His regular get-away activity is having naked pool bath with his elderly friends at a community center, referred to as "the lodge". Debra Louise Barone (Patricia Heaton) is Ray Barone's wife. She was raised by wealthy parents, Lois and Warren Whelan, and grew up in an upper-class background, unlike the other major characters in the sitcom. The writers screwed up on this one they gave David Hunt way too much screen time it took the spotlight away from the family to the point where it actually ruined the entire episode . The character has made several crossover appearances: Ray Barone made his final character appearance in an episode of King of Queens that aired after Everybody Loves Raymond ended. They have two children. She met her future husband, Philip Rosenthal, who served as executive producer of Everybody Loves Raymond, while attending Hofstra, and she converted to Judaism before their marriage in 1990.[3]. She took a break from acting after appearing in Everybody Loves Raymond. She made a comeback in 2011 when she appeared as Sarah in one of the episodes of the famous sitcom series Hot in Cleveland. In the same year, she was also seen in an episode titled Lost in Translation in ABC network's legal drama series The Whole Truth., In 2013, she played Sharon in a couple of episodes of HBO network's comedy-drama television series Enlightened. The series, which was created by Mike White and Laura Dern, was nominated at the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Musical or Comedy.. Horan played Amy from 1997 to 2005, appearing in 66 episodes of the series. List of Everybody Loves Raymond characters - Wikipedia He always says whatever is on his mind, no matter the occasion or the company present. Debra has a singles cocktail party to help Amy's lonely brother Peter find a girlfriend but Ray is mortified by whom he ends up attracted to. In the early episodes, he is seen interviewing a famous sportsman, but this happens less frequently in the later seasons. In 'The Simpsons' episode in which Homer started an internet company, what was the name of the service or equipment that the Comic Book Guy wanted to buy from him? Following her graduation from high school, she travelled a lot and dated a few famous sportsmen. Everybody Loves Raymond is a FANDOM TV Community. Horan received her breakthrough role in 1997 when she was cast to play Amy Louise MacDougall Barone in the famous television series Everybody Loves Raymond. The series was created by her husband Philip Rosenthal who also served as one of its executive producers. She and Frank are known to bicker and insult each other but Marie is able to go head-to-head with him. RELATED: 'Everybody Loves Raymond': All the Thanksgiving Episodes, Ranked. Law. The following year, she was seen in Fox network's sketch comedy television series In Living Color., In 1993, she played the role of a nurse in an episode titled The Pioneer Bowl in ABC network's TV series Coach. In 1994, she played Maureen in an episode titled Jailbirds in the same television series. Hackidu Though Ray's parents frustrate her, she rarely shows her feelings to them, resulting in occasional bursts in private of yelling, stomping, and throwing objects. RUSSELL: Oh you're Robert's brother? Robert is a loving uncle and still deeply cares for his little brother Raymond. She takes special pride in her Italian background and even arranges a tour of Italy for the whole family out of her own savings. The family lives across the street from Raymond's parents, Marie and Frank. They frequently butt heads due to their strong personalities and different approaches to parenting. He knows that their mother prefers Ray, as evidenced by the special treatment she bestows upon him, which is a recurring point of contention among the brothers. Marie Janella Barone (Doris Roberts) is the wife of Frank, and matriarch of the Barone family. He is fond of regaling the Barones with his trips to exotic destinations and often sprinkles foreign words into his vocabulary during casual conversation which irritates Frank. He enjoys traveling the world with Lois and learning about new cultures and languages. She also starred as Doris Sherman on Coach and has a body of work in films like Time Bandits, Overboard, Lady in White, and the Cars franchise. Notable examples of this are found in Season 3, Episode 25: "Robert Moves Back", Season 8, Episode 2: "Thank You Notes", and Season 9, Episode 8: "A Job for Robert". Executive Producer Phil Rosenthal and his wife Monica Horan who plays Amy, did a similar dance at their real life wedding that Amy and Robert do. Despite the frustration she often holds on Ray's parents, it is evident that she still loves and cares for them, as well as Robert and Ray. In one particular incident, where all three Barone men were pretending to go to counselling sessions it was revealed that Ray and Robert had a long line of physically disciplinarian grandparents, with Frank's father, Joe, and his grandfather, Sal, hitting him often. During his sons childhood, Frank was virtually absent and had refused to show any sign of affection and love to either boy. Con Riley Keough (The Girlfriend Experience, Mad Max: Fury Road), Sam Claflin (The Hunger Games, Peaky Blinders), Camila Morrone (Death Wish, Never Goin' Back), Nabiyah Be (Black Panther), Will Harrison, Suki Waterhouse (The White Princess . From Season 7, Episode 24 \"Robert's Wedding\": Robert and Amy's wedding has just begun, and Reverend Stevens (Chelcie Ross) has just asked for anyone that objected to the marriage to \"speak now or forever hold their peace\". Prodigal Son Anybody remember Amy's Brother Russel who owed a snake and was from New Simultaneously, she also started acting in off-off Broadway theatre. She describes her parents as "people who wouldn't yell if they were on fire." Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. His love of sports led him to become a sportswriter for Newsday. He is also promoted to chief sports writer. Nemo is not seen again in the series after, The intimidating and threatening Italian father of, A war veteran and battle companion of Gus, who attends his funeral and gets scared when he sees a, The director of Gus' funeral, who announces, A relative of the Barones. He starred as Kelly Robinson in I Spy and FBI Agent Bill Maxwell in The Greatest American Hero in addition to dozens of guest appearances on shows like Bonanza, Gunsmoke, The Cosby Show, The Golden Girls, and The Nanny. She frequently speaks her mind and is not shy in voicing her irritations when she is being lied to or treated unfairly by Ray's family. Other than Frank, nearly everyone has a hard time standing up to Marie due to her ability to make people feel guilty, although Debra does occasionally take a stand. Although it is briefly mentioned that he has a sensitive side, Frank refuses to accept it. Everybody Loves Raymond: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts Every - ScreenRant She attended Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, graduating with a degree in Theater Performance in 1984. Aside from her beloved (and Emmy-winning) performance as the overbearing Barone matriarch, Roberts also starrted as Theresa Falco in the sitcom, Angie, as well as appearing in a number of television classics such as All in the Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Fantasy Island, and Full House, in addition to more recent shows like The Middle and Melissa & Joey. She is quick to bond with members of the Barone family when Amy marries Robert, and enjoys spending time talking with Robert, building jigsaw puzzles with Ray, or walking to the library to read his Newsday column. This article about an American television actor born in the 1960s is a stub. Debra has a singles cocktail party to help Amy's lonely brother Peter find a girlfriend but Ray is mortified by whom he ends up attracted to. She can also be found in films such as Moms' Night Out, The Star, and Smallfoot. Confronting the Attacker His name is Peter. They changed the character's name and recast him to distance themselves from Paul Reubens after the child pornography charges laid against him in 2002. Ally is devastated and to make it right, Ray attempts to buy her a Scramisaur from Amy's eccentric brother, Russell (Now known as Peter) at his comic book store. Marie then winks to Ray, indicating this is another manipulation. After divorcing his first wife, Joanne Glotz, in 1995, Robert moved back in with his parents, became a workaholic, and was acknowledged by the NYPD for not missing one day of work for three years. 'Everybody Loves Raymond' Cast & Character Guide, Some of Whom Actually Don't Love Raymond, 'Everybody Loves Raymond': All the Thanksgiving Episodes, Ranked, '3rd Rock from the Sun' Cast & Characters Guide: Who's Who in the "Solomon" Family (and Where They Are Now). Robert dated his sister-in-law's, Debra Barone's, best friend, Amy MacDougall, for several years, despite a number of breakups. Bully on the Bus Horan is probably best known for her appearance in the part of Amy McDougall (later Barone), Robert Barone's off-on again girlfriend, then wife, on the CBS-TV sitcom series Everybody Loves Raymond. As a result, he finds it difficult to confront people, especially his mother, Marie Barone. Life and career [ edit ] Horan was born in Darby, Pennsylvania , the daughter of Selma (ne Spencer), a clerk, and Robert J. Horan, a courthouse officer. And then the woman turned to her friends and said, "But I'm not desperate." Amy was a virgin when she met Robert, which Ray had a hard time understanding, as Amy was 33 at the time. With Ray Romano, Patricia Heaton, Brad Garrett, Monica Horan. In this episode, we're introduced to Amy's brother for the first time and his name is "Russell". Robert Charles Barone (Brad Garrett), called Robbie by Marie Barone, is Ray Barone's older brother by four years and the first-born son of Marie and Frank. 41 votes, 14 comments. Since Philip Rosenthal was born in a Jewish family, Monica Horan converted to Judaism before marrying him. A Date for Peter: Directed by Brian K. Roberts. Since this year marks the 25th anniversary of the show's premiere, here's a complete cast and character guide to keep handy as you catch up with television's most dysfunctional family. She also had recurring roles on Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, The Office, and Two and a Half Men. Ray's real life brother Richard (the inspiration for Robert) appears in a few episodes, usually playing a policeman. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Sullivan and Sawyer Sweeten were only credited at the end of an episode they would appear in, therefore are recurring. When Ray is acting suspiciously nice towards her, she usually will say in an ominous voice, "What do you want, Ray?". [4] Horan is a Democrat.[5]. The character has also appeared in the King of Queens episode "Dire Strayts". Ray once noted that, during college, she went to Mardi Gras and flashed her breasts to many people who gave her beads and also ended up topless in the newspaper. Many of their arguments revolve around trivial and even irrational subjects, such as who invented the lawn and literally comparing apples and oranges. Monica Horan Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements She has a cheery disposition and takes enormous pride in her appearance, her cooking, and how clean she keeps her house. A parent of a child at the doctor's. When he returned, he briefly left the police force out of a lack of self-confidence, and nearly became a telemarketer. Its actually annoying. Frank is Ray and Robert's father and Marie's husband. However, this was just said to manipulate Robert into getting Amy MacDougall pregnant. Marie is Frank's wife and Ray and Robert's mother. Sex Talk Peter MacDougall is Amy'svery geeky older brother and the son of Hank and Pat MacDougall. Before marrying Ray, she worked in public relations for the New York Rangers hockey team. He is the obvious favorite in the Barone family and often gets special treatment from his mother, Marie, like when she prepares special meals for him, gives him larger portions, or babies him when he is sick, which causes his brother, Robert, great irritation. The sitcom star is married to Everybody Loves Raymond creator Phil Rosenthal, who sometimes took inspiration from their home and marriage to craft plots. The Tenth Anniversary Even though she grew up in a traditional conservative family, she was a free-spirited and a popular teen in her early years. We also love Robert! Monica Horan - Wikipedia She is sometimes unhappy as a housewife, having to put up not only with Ray's immature jokes and lazy behavior, but more with his intrusive family members, who often barge in uninvited, leaving havoc in their wake. For her performance in the series, Horan was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Guest Performer in a Drama Series. Meanwhile in 2017, she played Anna Ferguson in an episode titled The Confirmation in ABC network's sitcom series The Middle., Monica Horan has also appeared in many TV documentary series. She is from an upper-class family which gives Marie the impression that Deb thinks she is above the Barones. Horan and her husband support education and arts through their foundation. She is very nosy, snobbish, arrogant, and insulting, and has a strong hold over her family, bullying those around her with guilt and a victim complex to get her way. He is well known in his community as a result of his profession as a sportswriter for Newsday. Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall-Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. Ray tries to learn about Ally's favorite card game. Many issues have caused Amy and Robert to break up in the first six seasons, with one being blamed on Raymond Barone and another happening because Robert was seeing other women, one of whom was his ex-wife. Amy Louise MacDougall ( Monica Horan) is Robert Barone 's on-and-off girlfriend, and eventual wife. Who is the actress who plays Amy on Everybody Loves Raymond? Gua de series: Estrenos y regresos de marzo 2023 You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Four Halloween trick-or-treaters who all visit the Barone house and are given candy by, An exchange lady at Bloomingdale's Store. Despite Marie's constant self-regard, she is accepting of these minority groups. RELATED: Everybody Loves Raymond: 5 Most Romantic Frank & Marie Moments (& 5 Funniest) Everybody Loves Raymond - Marie "Speaks Now" at Robert & Amy's Wedding Mom Marie loves to meddle in his life, while older brother Robert sometimes resents his success, and Dad Frank just makes comments and raids the fridge. Boob Job Press J to jump to the feed. Hackidu (episode) | Everybody Loves Raymond | Fandom However, Frank vowed to never be physically abusive towards his sons, never enforcing corporal punishment on them and never engaging in anything more than yelling at them. She often calls Ray an idiot. Despite being retired and taking every opportunity he has to be lazy and enjoy frequent naps, he likes to make himself feel useful by "fixing" things around Ray's house that aren't broken to begin with. Amy Louise MacDougall (Monica Horan) is Robert Barone's on-and-off girlfriend, and eventual wife. On the film side, he can be seen (or heard) in Night at the Museum, Ratatouille, The Incredible Burt Wonderstone, Finding Dory, and Gloria Bell. She and Debra share the same middle name. She met Philip Rosenthal while studying at the Hofstra University where she started dating him. with Kelly. In 2014, she appeared as a guest in the famous talk show Entertainment Tonight.. http://raymond.wikia.com/wiki/Amy_MacDougall_Barone, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Everybody_Loves_Raymond_characters. Russell : It's evil! He often says to Debra that he sees her as his daughter, as mentioned in Debra at the Lodge when he sticks up for her when she comes to help increase membership for the lodge and all of the lodge members start ogling her. Limited series centrada en una banda que alcanza el xito en Los ngeles en los aos 70 y se convierte en una de las ms legendarias del mundo. Born In: Darby, Pennsylvania, United States, See the events in life of Monica Horan in Chronological Order. However, in some situations, there have been times when they do evidence their love for one another, despite their reluctance to be open with it. Bell. He loves Marie but is not always comfortable expressing his emotions and usually covers them up by insulting her and demanding food from her. Although his time as Frank Barone was his longest recurring television character, Boyle also appeared in guest roles on shows such as Midnight Caller, NYPD Blue, and The Single Guy, as well as guest-starring in an episode of The X-Files (which earned him an Emmy). The mother of a ten month old child, who brings him to the doctor's. His attempts to have sex with Debra are a recurring theme of the show. They also come into conflict over Debra, whom Frank, unlike Marie, overwhelmingly loves, and even tends to be more affectionate with than he is with either of his sons. (falls out of hammock) Oof. Just a Formality | Everybody Loves Raymond | Fandom Some of the main characters had crossover appearances in other sitcoms, including The King of Queens, The Nanny, Becker, and Cosby. Amy MacDougall Barone doesn't have a brother named Russell. Russell : Let me tell you something about Hackidu. He lives on Long Island, with his wife, Debra Barone, and their three children, daughter Ally Barone and twin boys Michael and Geoffrey Barone. Doris Roberts won an Emmy in 2003 for her performance in this episode and "Marie's Vision". One of the greatest shows on tv. This is a list of fictional characters from Everybody Loves Raymond, an American sitcom, originally broadcast on CBS from September 13, 1996, to May 16, 2005. Ray attended St. John's University in Queens, New York. And then I just, I walked home. In a later episode, she claims that this was because Robert was able to take care of himself and was independent, in contrast to Ray who was a sensitive, timid, needy little boy. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Debra has a singles cocktail party to help Amy's lonely brother Peter find a girlfriend but Ray is mortified by whom he ends up attracted to.Debra has a singles cocktail party to help Amy's lonely brother Peter find a girlfriend but Ray is mortified by whom he ends up attracted to.Debra has a singles cocktail party to help Amy's lonely brother Peter find a girlfriend but Ray is mortified by whom he ends up attracted to. Although she is known for her cheerful personality, she has shown herself to not be afraid to push back against Marie's manipulation. Though she is grateful to have the support of Ray's parents across the street, she is normally frustrated by Frank's lack of couth and Marie's criticisms of her housework, cooking, or how she raises her kids. He is also known for his portrayal of The Monster in Young Frankenstein, in addition to performances in Malcolm X and The Santa Clause franchise. Chris Elliot played Amy's brother Peter MacDougall. As a housewife, she excels in household duties, including cooking, cleaning, and generally keeping and maintaining a good household. Debra Makes Something Good Raymond's laziness and sometimes childish behavior as a result of his mother's coddling is a running gag in the show. Bill Parker ( David Hunt ) who Raymond refers to as Deborah's boyfriend is Patricia Heaton's real life husband. Someone's Cranky She has very high self-esteem and regards herself as a positive example of what every wife, mother and woman should be, but in reality is responsible, at least in part, for much of the misery and conflict within the Barone family. See production, box office & company info, Stage 5, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA. Everybody Loves Raymond is a FANDOM TV Community. One of the greatest shows on tv. A professional sports commentator, who is on a talk show with, A professional sports commentator, who is on a talk show with, A professional sports commentator, who is commentating. Monica Horan plays an important role in maintaining Rosenthal Family Foundation which is a nonprofit organization. (Season 1, episode #14). The final episode reveals that her birthday is December 9 (this was one of Frank's classic "one-liners" as he adds "1802"). Monica Horan made her television debut in 1990 when she played a minor role in one of the episodes of NBC network's legal drama series L.A. Robert's brother. In a later episode, as Walter, he and Scott give a presentation of their prospective go-carting business to Ray and his wife Debra. Archbishop Prendergast Catholic High School for Girls, The Corona Dialogues: a Dylan Brody project, Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series, The Laughs Hit Close to Home for Everybody Loves Raymond's Monica Horan, "Michelle Obama, Barbra Streisand Help Raise $700K for Democrats in L.A.", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monica_Horan&oldid=1128400476, American television actor, 1960s birth stubs, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, This page was last edited on 19 December 2022, at 23:31. Raymond and his older brother, Robert Barone, were spoiled by Marie. They also fund organizations, such as UCLA Foundation, The Students First Foundation, Oakwood School, Homeboy Industries, and City Year., Rosenthal Family Foundation also supports various organizations pertaining to arts. Anonymous. Additionally, Madylin Sweeten plays Ray and Deb's daughter, Ally, Sullivan Sweeten and Sawyer Sweeten play their twin boys, Michael and Geoffrey, respectively, while Chris Elliott recurs as Amy's brother, Peter. Russell: Oh you're Robert's brother? She has a sister, Jennifer Whelan, who is only seen once in the entire series. Robert's Rodeo She eventually lost her virginity to Robert before they were married, but they were spotted having sex by Robert's neighbors, causing them to sign a sheet mandating bedroom curtains in the apartment building. However, Frank is sometimes shown to be a good family man, such as taking the fall for Debra Barone when Marie's prized canister goes missing or even trying to console Robert Barone after he becomes morose from a breakup. Despite being retired and taking every opportunity he has to be lazy and enjoy frequent naps, he likes to make . Amy was raised in Pennsylvania by her religious parents, Hank and Pat, and gets quite a culture shock when she joins the Barone family and experiences all the clashing personalities that come with it. He is also well-known for starring in the Ice Age film franchise as Manny the Mammoth and has also appeared in The Big Sick and The Irishman, where he played real-life attorney Bill Bufalino. He owns a comic book store that now belongs in Robert's old apartment on Long Island. She is an actress, known for Everybody Loves Raymond (1996), The Bold and the Beautiful (1987) and Enlightened (2011). He often uses this as a reference for recounting stories of survival and how he came to be a "man". She and Debra share the same middle name. Episode Title: Hackidu Episode Number: Season 4, Episode 17 (#90 of 210) Air Date: February 21, 2000 Episode description (from DVD): Cast: Ray Romano as Ray Patricia Heaton as Debra Brad Garrett as Robert Doris Roberts as Marie Peter Boyle as Frank Madylin Sweeten as Ally Sawyer Sweeten .