- Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. /F6 21 0 R Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Excellent, thanks a lot f This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes Moreover, Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Federalism in India. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). /Font << /Parent 2 0 R On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability 1. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. << There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. %PDF-1.5 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview 6 0 obj /Width 371 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. /F4 15 0 R /Subtype /Image The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. ! Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. /Type /XObject 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. /BitsPerComponent 8 In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . /Type /Page International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. . Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. 7 Topics . (eds. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo Your email address will not be published. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University Your email address will not be published. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism.
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